@Article{Samavati2016,

author="Samavati, Faramarz
and Runions, Adam",

title="Interactive 3D content modeling for Digital Earth",

journal="The Visual Computer",

year="2016",

volume="32",

number="10",

pages="1293--1309",

abstract="Digital Earth is a global reference model for integrating, processing and visualizing geospatial datasets. 
In this reference model, various data-types, including Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and imagery (orthophotos), are 
universally and openly available for the entire globe. However, 3D content such as detailed terrains with features, 
man-made structures, 3D water bodies and 3D vegetation are not commonly available in Digital Earth. In this paper, we 
present an interactive system for the rapid creation and integration of these types of 3D content to augment Digital Earth.
 The inputs to our system include available data sources, such as DEM and imagery information depicting landscapes and urban 
environments. The proposed system employs sketch-based and image-assisted tools to support interactive creation of textured 
3D content. For adding terrain features visible in orthophotos, and also the basin of water bodies, we use a multiscale least 
square surface fitting to generate an adaptive triangular subdivision. For modeling forests and vegetation, we use image-based 
techniques and take advantage of visible regions and colors of forests in orthophotos. For 3D man-made structures, starting from 
a single photograph, we provide a simple image-assisted sketching tool to extract these objects, correct for perspective distortion
and place them into desired locations.",

issn="1432-2315",

doi="10.1007/s00371-016-1227-y",

url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1227-y"
}